Plate 2

For an explanation of the coordinate system see supplemental figure 1. The A and DE convection patterns within the TDIM simulation region (left panels). The dotted red circles represent constant invariant latitudes at 5 degree intervals from the magnetic pole (red cross). Noon is at the top. The right panel show the time history of the TDIM simulation as well as times of density snapshots (circled numbers) show in Plate 3.